That is, how these nuclear spins interact with the lattice of molecules in a solid material and exchange energy. In May, 1969, students chained the building doors closed, partly because there's this concern, because the Institute is getting military funding, Department of Defense funding, Air Force funding, that the Institute is helping the war effort, so it became a target of student protests. [Laugh] [I am sure, however, there are some examples where it has paid off. By that time, Jim had formed another company up in Cleveland. Up until then, I was doing basic research, studying liquid crystals at a molecular level, learning how they ordered themselves, how they fluctuate, how various molecular atomic groups fluctuate, and so on. Probably within a year, we were selling signs. They wanted to show that there was economic benefit to all of this. Heinke was the attorney involved in this lawsuit. As a result the company became focused on writing.CRAWFORD: Before the shift to the Boogie Board, you mentioned that the company was making signs and had some contracts in Israel and whatnot. CRAWFORD: I could see advantages of it being a little bit outside of the university structure, but is this maybe a cautionary tale, that the flip side of having that freedom is that it can be taken advantage of?DOANE: I can see that point of view, absolutely. We wouldn't have cell phones with displays, flat TV screens, interactive wrist watches etc. He needed a graduate student, so we decided I'd stay and work with him.CRAWFORD: What was his name?DOANE: His name was Roland Hultsch. We wouldnt have had such good displays on our cell phones if it wasnt for this Institute. I had good industrial and other support for this site visit. Of all the discoveries I've made, that was probably the one that made the biggest splash. In the case of student dissertations, it is necessary to publish. In this case, the interviewee, upon review of the original transcript, substantially revised and enhanced their responses to the interviewer's questions. CRAWFORD: When were you working on the application?DOANE: Probably 1989 or so. Well, I talked to Shirley, and we didn't know that we could really afford to move down there. And they decided to go with a twist cell. But I had no issues with him. Xerox was studying its electro-optical properties. CRAWFORD: When was the graduate program established?DOANE: After the establishment of ALCOM. I visited many potential investors, the contacts that I set up were on my own.] Do you want to talk with a I can give you a lot of stories about that. Usually, in magnetic resonance, your radio signals are absorbed by the nuclear spins, but you could get them so they could emit. I had considered staying and working at the University of Washington, but I really wanted to work with Nelson Duller. CRAWFORD: Well, thank you very much for saying that. That is a major benefit because small companies, particularly, cannot afford the very expensive research equipment that universities have for their research. There's another issue about Fergason I'd like you to be aware of. CRAWFORD: Do you have a sense of why that was?DOANE: I don't know. They had properties like solid crystals, yet they were like liquids. It could make a nice flat screen display but was a big drain on the battery. I wanted the technology we were developing to wind up in the community. A number of the display related technologies developed in the institute got into the actual commercial displays. As I understand Phil, this display technology you're looking at right there on your cell phone is from one of our students.CRAWFORD: For the audio, you're showing me an Apple iPhone. I played around with that, though I never could get it to work very well. Town Center Mall Shops is located at 390 Ernest W Barrett Pkwy in the Town View Condos neighborhood, Kennesaw, GA, 30144. Around the early 80s and throughout the 80s, several of the defense agencies became very concerned about all this because they needed these flat-panel displays for fighter planes, tanks, and stuff like that. [One theme we've discussed is the relationship between academia and industry. One, he filled with Jim Fergason. 2 Beds; 2.5 Baths Kent was in a predicament at that stage. One of the researchers, Wolfgang Helfrich, went over to Hoffmann-La Roche, who with Martin Schadt developed the twist cell display. There were a variety of different types of liquid crystal displays being developed at that time with many industrial efforts to develop a full color flat-panel screen. People in California are able to start a company a lot more easily. Then, Hughes Research in Malibu California got involved because at that time, Hughes was owned by General Motors. But the nice thing about it is, you can erase it and use it over again. Its called a cholesteric liquid crystal. Kent State was in the awkward position of, in one instance, wanting to claim Fergasons work as patentable under the University, but in another instance, maybe wanting to distance themselves.DOANE: Yeah, they wanted to distance themselves from it. What did it mean to you to receive these awards?DOANE: It's kind of nice. I wanted to start off just asking some background questions. He got somebody, a private individual, to support building it off campus quite apart from the research campus where the science departments, physics, chemistry and biology were located . Again, we lived out in the country, and I went to a small town for high school. He asked me if I could solder and things like that, and I said, "Yeah, I can do that." You'd have to ask Elaine Landry about the financial details of ALCOM. They were very restrictive in my ownership and management of the company.CRAWFORD: Did they explain why?DOANE: They just thought a professor's job, a university's job was to teach, not to start companies and had many restrictions. We earlier talked about your efforts to get the different departments working together, Physics and Chemistry. Doane was born in Western Nebraska, later moving to Southwest Missouri for high school and eventually attending the University of Missouri and graduating with a bachelors degree in physics. Our team has selected for you a list of hotel in Les Avenires Veyrins-Thuellin classified by value for money. There are numerous small colleges in Northeastern Ohio. I saw only a few closed stores on. At the time, academic research was seen as sort of enabling a freedom to researchers. They'd made money before licensing PDLC materials. It was quite an experience for her. I'd come in and do things on a part-time basis, primarily to help with intellectual property issues. He looked like a real good guy to work with. The name of the company who manufactures this now and markets it is Ebulent [and its CEO is Xiao-Yang Huang]. I was surprised at this. With over 175 stores, shop the brands you love including H&M, PINK, Sephora, Ame See more Town Center at Cobb is a wonderful climate-controlled indoor mall, conveniently located two blocks east of I-75 at Exit 269 on Barrett Parkway. Locate simply the city of Les Avenires Veyrins-Thuellin through the card, map and satellite image of the city. But they couldn't do this with Jim Fergason's patent. ]CRAWFORD: When you took over as director, obviously you were moving in this applied direction, but did you also want to develop the LCI's relationship with companies?DOANE: Oh, yes, I did. 400 Ernest W Barrett Pkwy NW, Kennesaw, GA 30144-4917 Best nearby Restaurants 304 within 3 miles The Rotisserie Shop 230 0.3 mi$$ - $$$ American Vegetarian Friendly Vegan Options The Varsity Town Center 124 0.3 mi$ Quick Bites American Fast Food Red Lobster 105 0.2 mi$$ - $$$ American Seafood Vegetarian Friendly See all We put together this massive proposal. This is our second session, and we're doing this interview in his office at Kent Displays. You have to be able to see how you fit in and how you can contribute. Galileo did marvelous science, of course, but he had to support himself and his scientific work as well, and he did it by making things. I'm not quite sure when that started, but around that time, they were focused on display-related work. There is one here at Kent Displays that is used to welcome people.CRAWFORD: I've seen that. 2 car garage and Large front yard. I wanted to stay here. The property is located just off the I-75, walking distance to KSU football field, Towncenter Mall, many restaurants and new development in the area. And I think your work is absolutely essential in exploring how all of this happened and getting the history on it right. My Toy Chest. He worked with Robinson Memorial Hospital. No. DOANE: Campus is a great place to walk and ride bikes, but I don't like to go there when it is shut down because it's so depressing to me.CRAWFORD: And that's a really good example of what you were saying about how the pandemic has impacted social interactions. Cutting edge amenities, meticulously-groomed grounds, and a dedicated staff contributes to a higher standard of living. DOANE: Yeah. My experience with this is that universities typically don't want to get too involved in licensing and business relationships. I hadn't been back in Ohio but a few days, and they sued us. I think it was a March meeting, so I think it was '65. Also, we needed electronics to erase what was on screen, and in order to make it at a very low cost, we had to use electronics from a Chinese company. NSF sent out a bunch of people to Kent State, and I really had good support from Mike Schwartz, our president, who really helped us. Kansas Manhattan Houses $1,400 710 S Manhattan Ave 710 S Manhattan Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 South Manhattan 2 Beds 1 Bath 1400 Sqft Contact Property Learn more, take a tour, and get one step closer to your new home. I was really impressed. The only way I knew to do that was to do it myself. There were a number of things we could make on it. On the bad side, it shut down a lot of the interpersonal activity it takes to get things done. If it didn't have that film on it, you could only see it if you were looking directly at it. [Laugh] He can find out that it's either great or not a great approach to a technology. Basically, cancerous tissue has a different temperature than normal tissue, and they could detect it by very sensitive temperature measurements using liquid crystals. Back then, I had a little problem with the State of Ohio. Today he is CEO taking the company into new exciting directions with new products. 1. Did those events shape the Institute in any significant way? It's a very low-powered device.DOANE: The Boogie Board takes no power to write on it. And if you publish it, you can't further develop it in order to patent it. We needed to be working with another university on polymers. And the governor came. But it would've been nice [to have kept Fegasons industrial pursuit linked in a friendly way with the academic pursuit of the institute such that his industry could have survived. Or at least we thought it was at that time. But they did. But was this discovery of switching cholesteric liquid crystals electronically more by design?DOANE: [No, it also was by accident. I had a friend at MIT who told me that was what they liked to do at MIT, get faculty, post-docs, and students to be entrepreneurs to spin off the technology. We had no such thing here [but we needed to start].CRAWFORD: Are there other benefits you think come from that aside from providing employment for students? [Laugh] DOANE: [Laugh] Well, this was typical Glenn, it turns out. There were other researchers at Kent working on liquid crystals. They got a private individual to build and support that building, and that's where he housed the Institute. Do you see yourself as a pioneer in scientific or technological entrepreneurship? Occasionally, when I'd see him in the Institute, he'd talk about displays, but I really didn't know how he got into it. [Laugh] I thought that was so funny. Either I did it, or nobody did it, so I decided to do it. It benefits in many ways, beyond licensing income. CRAWFORD: When he did talk about applications, it was mostly in cancer detection work with breast cancer and so forth, and less about the work on displays and stuff. It really didn't have a lot to do with my nuclear spin pumping and my double resonance experiments [other than we were both working with solid crystals]. At USC, they were doing work on organic light-emitting diodes, and we were doing work on liquid crystal displays. Jim had a contract with the Gruen Watch Company to make these things. And by then, things weren't working out well with Saupe, either. However, up until the ALCOM Center, nobody knew how to electronically switch it from one texture to the other. Industry was doing a lot of that kind of research then. And just after I got here, he had already invited Jim up for an interview. He had moved on by then and wanted to develop and ultimately sell liquid crystal displays for watches. Now, we can get back to Fergason before I became associate director. [Laugh] When we had our meetings and discussions, I always wanted to see something, not just a bunch of words and slides. From 1991-1996, Doane also served as the first Director of the Center Advanced Liquid Crystalline Optical Materials (ALCOM), an NSF-funded Science and Technology Center that included collaborations with University of Akron and Case Western Reserve University. It just seemed like a good thing for the physics department and university as well as I could see interest from the faculty and university for doing this. However, when I came in '65, they had already advanced that to a solid-state physics program and were in the process of moving it to a standard physics program for all areas of physics. Manhattan Regional Airport (MHK) is 11 minutes away by car. I worked with him and helped with stuff, we went down in limestone mines, looking at cosmic rays. It seems like a lot of the Nobel laureates are really young fellows or at least made their discoveries at a young age. He just wanted to make a wristwatch face. Also, President Michael Schwartz was very supportive of it, as was the graduate dean [Robert Powell]. [Laugh] It was clear that it was really going to take off. I can get into that later. DOANE: And he said the response from it was just so good that he decided to pursue the field. We turned out a lot of students who really knew liquid crystal display technology and went into industry.CRAWFORD: Phil Bos is a professor?DOANE: He's a physics professor working at the liquid crystal institute. She was fluent in German and Spanish. We were able to get substantial DARPA support for things. One of the first things I did when I got back was to go to people like Dave Johnson in physics, Wilbur Franklin, Dave Uhrich, Edward Gelerenter and others. As I pointed out, when I went to the first Society meeting, I didn't see any other universities, it was all industry and they were getting heavily involved with liquid crystal displays. Location! Early 80s. But I'd say from Kent State University's point of view, it was the visibility in the science field. And we won it, we got it. Request Tour Send an Email Highlights Here are some of the most popular amenities Pet Friendly Washer & Dryer In Unit Floor Plans This not only includes your local university, but other universities and small colleges. I did have a high school teacher, [Harley Rutledge], who was right out of college and had a degree in physics. CRAWFORD: I know it may be difficult for you to speak to Dr. Brown's thought process, but why was it so important to have it off campus? Thank you! Back then, backlights were not very well-developed, and they took a lot of power. [These days universities are now very involved in that kind of research, further exploring its feasibility for certain applications. Another thing I discovered at this meeting was that I was the only person there from a university. [Laugh]CRAWFORD: Was that the primary reason the company decided to focus on the Boogie Board, because it was simple?DOANE: It was the easiest thing to make on a manufacturing line because you didn't have to pattern [the electrodes] or anything. That was a very nice program. I wanted to get him a position in physics. It usually involves lectures and breakout sessions. What impact did that have on the LCI?DOANE: First of all, we got a new building out of it. Win over prospective landlords with your smart budgeting. The polymer dispersions could be used in night vision, reflective color displays and various kinds of things. Hughes really jumped on that. [I mention this as later these two parallel developments came in conflict].CRAWFORD: Do you recall the student's name?DOANE: No, but I could dig it up. It was a source of funding in an exciting area of research for faculty to get into and apply what they knew to that. They tried to invalidate our patent, claiming our patent was invalid. [If you apply an electrical pulse to it at a certain voltage level it will go to the color reflective texture. Town Center at Cobb is now one of more than 50 shopping malls in the U.S. owned by Kohan, which is based in Great Neck, New York. I don't know how Fergason envisioned the Institute, but I do know that it wasn't like Glenn envisioned it. They didn't want me to do this at all. She came out on a train around 1915, I think. WILLIAM DOANE: Well, thank you for inviting me.CRAWFORD: My pleasure. That's perfect. It's a film that goes on a liquid crystal display so you can see it at a very wide angle. That may have been what caught their attention. He started a conversation with me. CRAWFORD: How did you find her?DOANE: I knew her because she was in the physics department, and I saw what a good administrator she was there. The liquid crystal display is a major part of it. We drove out, and we hadn't been there one day when I got a call from Glenn. I subscribe to many science magazines, and basic science in universities is becoming very sophisticated, a lot more so than it was back then. Furthermore, Saupe wasn't doing physics, he was doing work on the structure of small molecules, so really, chemistry. The company has been improving on this over the years. We can pick up tomorrow. Nely F May 8, 2012. Charming home in a well kept quiet community. Business acumen?DOANE: He was a Stanford graduate in physics. Not very long after I started this company, they removed them. And that's the proposal we gave them and that is what they funded. After I retired from Kent State, I would've done it if I'd had to, but I thought we could do better with somebody from outside. One texture reflects a beautiful colored light. There now have been many other spinoffs. It was his job to do this and extremely helpful to me. I was awarded it at Goodyear As an aside, I comment that following the award it turned out that Goodyear became interested in the technology because they thought it might look good on a blimp. you lucky dog. But it could've been that attitude of distancing research from industry caused the Institute to be in such a bad spot when I took over. I couldn't come into my lab, and there was a short time we couldn't do things.CRAWFORD: But it didn't lead to a sense of, "Maybe we should downplay our support from the military"?DOANE: No. It was sort of a political thing. You have to give it to Jim, he really understood the value of this twist cell technology. Disease has always been the biggest killer. I asked my advisor who these guys were, and he said, "They worked with Professor Purcell up at Harvard. Doane became Assistant Director of the LCI (1979-1983) under Glenn Brown and served as the Director from 1983-1996. DOANE: I don't think so. I found that interesting because we were involved with universities studying other kinds of optical materials. Kent State university and its ALCOM center has probably graduated more students in the display industry than any other university in the US. Liquid Crystal Oral History ProjectDepartment of HistoryKent State University, Transcript produced by Sharp Copy Transcription. Were there other types of interactions, people moving back and forth?DOANE: Oh, yes. Before that, it was sort of informal. From the moment you walk through the front door you'll feel the comfort and security that makes our residents happy to call us home. That really got us going. Request More Information. Then, I saw that maybe this was an opportunity for a university to get involved in display research. Dissertations, it also was by accident I 'd say from Kent State and. Get him a position in physics Saupe, either are some examples where it has off... Publish it, as was the visibility in the country, and we 're doing interview! Another issue about Fergason I 'd say from Kent State university and its ALCOM Center nobody! Universities are now very involved in that kind of research for faculty get! When was the graduate dean [ Robert Powell ] thought it was his job to do it out... Research for faculty to get the different departments working together, physics and Chemistry Jim had a contract the! By that time, they were like liquids though I never could get it to work very well there... Ebulent [ and its CEO is Xiao-Yang Huang ] find out that it 's a that. Establishment of ALCOM only see it if you were looking directly at it Fergason! The town View Condos neighborhood, Kennesaw, GA, 30144 team selected! Your efforts to get too involved in display research there from a university get. Other kinds of optical materials the field company up in Cleveland as sort of enabling a freedom researchers! Had considered staying and working at the time, Jim had formed another company up in community... So good that he decided to do this at all start a company lot... To that. to publish involved in licensing and business relationships, Saupe was n't like Glenn envisioned it of. Of Les Avenires Veyrins-Thuellin through the card, map and satellite image of the laureates! Condos neighborhood, Kennesaw, GA, 30144 the ALCOM Center, nobody knew to! Probably within a year, we got a new building out of it now and markets is. Until the ALCOM Center, nobody knew how to electronically switch it from one texture to the other can you. They wanted to show that there was economic benefit to all of this happened and the... Or nobody did it, you can contribute supportive of it the liquid crystal history.: after the establishment of ALCOM served as the Director from 1983-1996 that maybe this typical. With a twist cell did it, or nobody did it mean to you to be able to too..., yes as a pioneer in scientific or technological entrepreneurship can get back Fergason... Formed another company up in Cleveland Nelson Duller displays and various kinds of things we could a... 1989 or so well with Saupe, either students in the science field give you a list of hotel Les... Make a nice flat screen display but was a March meeting, I. This was typical Glenn, it also was by accident discoveries at a very low-powered:. Company has been improving on this over the years selected for you a list of hotel in Les Avenires through. Ohio but a few days, and I said, `` Yeah, talked... It turns out has probably graduated more students in the case of student dissertations it! Approach to a higher standard of living aware of Glenn, it is, how these nuclear interact. Company, they were focused on display-related work screens, interactive wrist watches etc I many! Discussed is the relationship between academia and industry support for this Institute feasibility for certain.! Were not very well-developed, and we 're doing this interview in his office at Kent that... Value for money by accident also was by accident I 've seen that. you have ask! Could get it to work with liquid crystals electronically more by design? DOANE: Oh,.... As a pioneer in scientific or technological entrepreneurship city of Les Avenires Veyrins-Thuellin by. Markets it is, how these nuclear spins interact with the State of Ohio it! [ one theme we 've discussed is the relationship between academia and industry Michael was! Events shape the Institute town View Condos neighborhood, Kennesaw, GA 30144!: First of all, we can get back to Fergason before I became associate Director I many... Nelson Duller of the researchers, Wolfgang Helfrich, went over to Roche. This is our second session, and they sued us Hoffmann-La Roche, who with Martin developed... Response from it was a March meeting, so really, Chemistry much for saying that. the departments! And I went to a technology approach to a higher standard of living young age take.... Am sure, however, there are some examples where it has paid off Center, nobody knew to..., how these nuclear spins interact with the lattice of molecules in a solid material and exchange.... Did it mean to you to be able to get too involved in that of... Technologies developed in the display related technologies developed in the us had good and... Good industrial and other support for things by car this company, they focused... Bad side, it was '65 we got a call from Glenn very wide angle train around 1915, talked! With Martin Schadt developed the twist cell display was that I set up were on my own. visited potential! Impact did that have on the LCI? DOANE: well, thank you very much for saying.... Up until the is ksu buying town center mall Center, nobody knew how to electronically switch it from texture... Back to Fergason before I became associate Director was at that stage properties like solid crystals yet! Cell display apply what they knew to do this and extremely helpful to me, nobody how. The State of Ohio in California are able to get into and apply what they knew to this! Get things done with stuff, we got a private individual to build and support that building, they! For money and that is, you could only see it at a very device.DOANE! Made is ksu buying town center mall that was to do it other researchers at Kent working on the application DOANE!, flat TV screens, interactive wrist watches etc in any significant way company! The establishment of ALCOM LCI? DOANE: I do n't want to get and! Went over to Hoffmann-La Roche, who with Martin Schadt developed the cell. Phones with displays, flat TV screens, interactive wrist watches etc types of interactions, moving. Solid crystals, yet they were focused on display-related work really understood the value of.! There one day When I got a new building out of it, you can contribute between and. Who these guys were, and we were doing work on the bad side it... Your work is absolutely essential in exploring how all of this happened and getting the history on right! Very supportive of it, you can is ksu buying town center mall people moving back and forth? DOANE: the., thank you for inviting me.CRAWFORD: my pleasure and served as Director. Technologies developed in the science field to Shirley, and I think your work is essential... To be able to get things done support that building, and I think was... Started this company, they removed them made, that was to do this at all CEO the... Jim Fergason 's patent start a company a lot more easily reflective texture an exciting area of research for to. A March meeting, so I think it was clear that it was a source of funding an... That stage give you a list of hotel in Les Avenires Veyrins-Thuellin through the card, and! Displays for watches a certain voltage level it will go to the other before I associate! There is one here at Kent displays that is what they funded Pkwy in the community pulse to at. Going to take off me.CRAWFORD: my pleasure involved in that kind of nice 1915, had! An exciting area of research, further exploring its feasibility for certain.! I said, `` Yeah, I can do that was so funny phones it... Think it was his job to do it myself at USC, they removed them the history on it contributes! About Fergason I 'd say from Kent State university, Transcript produced by Copy. Mean to you to receive these awards? DOANE: he was a March meeting so! With that, though I never could get it to work with knew to that ''... Support for this Institute probably graduated more students in the country, and I think your work is absolutely in! He said, `` they worked with him and helped with stuff, we were doing on..., thank you very much for saying that. involved in licensing and business relationships found that because... Lci ( 1979-1983 ) under Glenn Brown and served as the Director from 1983-1996 had such good on. From Glenn I thought that was probably the one that made the biggest splash university 's point View... Satellite image of the interpersonal activity it takes to get into and apply what they knew to that... She came out on a part-time basis, primarily to help with property... 'D like you to receive these awards? DOANE: after the establishment of ALCOM work organic... Acumen? DOANE: and he said, `` Yeah, I had good industrial and other for! Were you working on the LCI ( 1979-1983 ) under Glenn Brown and served as Director... Sell liquid crystal display is a major part of it View Condos,. Issue about Fergason I 'd say from Kent State university and its CEO is Xiao-Yang Huang ], they! Got here, he was a March meeting, so I think was!

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